How are "waves" defined in seamanship?

Waves in seamanship are defined as surface oscillations of water that can significantly impact the stability and operation of a vessel. These oscillations are created by various factors, such as wind blowing across the water's surface, and they can result in various wave characteristics like height, frequency, and period. Understanding waves is crucial for mariners, as they affect how a vessel behaves in the water, influencing roll, pitch, and overall seakeeping.

In contrast, fast currents refer to the horizontal movement of water rather than oscillations, and while they may affect a vessel's course, they are not classified as waves. Low tides relate to the vertical change in water level, impacting draft but not involving oscillation. Wind patterns, while connected to wave generation, do not define waves themselves but rather describe the influence of wind on a vessel's sailing speed. Thus, the correct definition of waves focuses specifically on their oscillatory nature and their effects on vessels in maritime operations.